卫星紧急无线电示位标（EPIRB，Emergency position indicating radiobeacon）常简称为示位标，因工作频率在406MHz附近也常被简称406，也称为应急无线电示位标。
中文名:卫星紧急无线电示位标
外文名:Emergency position indicating radio beacon
简 称:EPIRB
英文简称:为示位标
截止2021年12月NOAA公布的全球注册总数为736,550个，包括如下4种救援信标。
ELTs: 136,731
EPIRBs: 284,561
PLBs: 314,993
SSASs: 265
说明：
1.陆用个人信标:PLB(Personal Locator Beacom）
2.航空信标：ELT(Emergency Locator Transmitter)
3.船用信标：EPIRB(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon)
4.船舶保安警报系统：SSAS (Ship Security Alert System)
简介
包含GPS的紧急无线电示位标常被称为卫星紧急无线电示位标。紧急无线电示位标在船/海洋平台下沉后，自动弹出浮到水面，发求救信号，信号通过COSPAS-SARSAT系统转发到地面站。
与多用于海上用户的紧急无线电示位标相类似，陆上应用的类似产品叫做个人示位标（PLB，Personal Locator Beacon），航空应用的类似产品叫做航空无线电示位标（ELT）。
紧急无线电示位标为全球救援体系中的关键节点，具有全球救援特性。如船舶驶离本地，也可及时得到国际组织的救援。这一点是任何国家单独本地救援体系所无法实现的，避免了在外海遇险无法救援的问题。
紧急无线电 示位标（406）是将详细位置信息和船的信息通过卫星发出求救信号，如在中国附近，该信号会发往北京或香港的国际卫星地面搜救中心。一般而言，紧急无线电示位标（406）报警后，搜救组织派搜救船舶到附近，SART会在搜救船舶抵达附近后起作用。如果紧急无线电示位标（406）自带121.5MHz寻位信号，也能指引搜救平台快速找到该标体，但普通商船无法识别406示位标所发射的121.5MHz信号。船沉后，船员会把紧急无线电示位标（406）带走，随时向卫星发送人员当前位置信号，指引搜救，而当附近没有船舶时雷达应答器则无法起到示位作用。
Number of People Rescued in Calendar Year 2022 in the United States: 4
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Rescues at sea: 2 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Aviation rescues: 1 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Terrestrial PLB rescues: 1 people rescued in 1 incidents
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Worldwide – Over 48,000+ people rescued (since 1982)
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United States – 9,727 people rescued (since 1982)
Number of People Rescued in Calendar Year 2021 in the United States: 330
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Rescues at sea: 195 people rescued in 72 incidents
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Aviation rescues: 29 people rescued in 15 incidents
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Terrestrial PLB rescues: 106 people rescued in 65 incidents
Recent Calendar Year Totals in the United States:
2020: 304 people
2019: 421 people
2018: 340 people
2017: 275 people
2016: 307 people
2015: 250 people
2014: 240 people
2013: 261 people
2012: 263 people
2011: 207 people
2010: 295 people
2009: 195 people
2008: 282 people
2007: 353 people
2006: 272 people
2005: 222 people
2004: 260 people
2003: 224 people
2002: 171 people
2001: 166 people
SARSAT
Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
Around the world...around the clock...NOAA proudly stands watch. As an integral part of worldwide search and rescue, NOAA operates the Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) System to detect and locate mariners, aviators, and recreational enthusiasts in distress almost anywhere in the world at anytime and in almost any condition.
The SARSAT system uses NOAA satellites in low-earth and geostationary orbits as well as GPS satellites in medium earth orbit to detect and locate aviators, mariners, and land-based users in distress. The satellites relay distress signals from emergency beacons to a network of ground stations and ultimately to the U.S. Mission Control Center (USMCC) in Suitland, Maryland. The USMCC processes the distress signal and alerts the appropriate search and rescue authorities to who is in distress and, more importantly, where they are located. Truly, SARSAT takes the "search" out of search and rescue!
NOAA-SARSAT is a part of the international Cospas-Sarsat Program to which 45 nations and two independent SAR organizations belong. To find out more about SARSAT please feel free to explore our website. We hope you enjoy your visit!
SARSAT - A Lifeline To Survival!
